Title: The Great Pretender Pdf The Undercover Mission That Changed Our Understanding of Madness
Author: Susannah Cahalan
Published Date: 2019-11-05
Page: 336
An Amazon Best Book of November 2019: Susannah Cahalan’s first book Brain on Fire documented her experience with a treatable autoimmune disease that masqueraded as mental illness. The disease did so by causing inflammation on her brain, and after being misdiagnosed with schizophrenia, she was given antipsychotic drugs and nearly transferred to the psych ward. Luckily, an insightful doctor saved her from being committed to a very different life than the one she is living now. Diseases like that are called the great pretenders, because their symptoms mimic the behaviors of psychiatric illnesses. Cahalan’s personal experience led her deeper into the study of mental health, where she learned of a groundbreaking 1973 study called “On Being Sane in Insane Places.” In that study, a Stanford psychologist named David Rosenhan, along with seven other sane people, volunteered to get themselves committed into asylums by repeating the words “thud, empty, hollow.” That was pretty much all it took. Eventually, they had to find their way out. The Great Pretender is a panoramic look at the mental health industry, but at its center is a mystery. As Cahalan, who is a journalist, sets out to learn more about Rosenhan’s study, her work uncovers as many questions as it does answers. The result is a book that broadens our understanding of a system that many feel is broken, at the same time that it deepens our relationship to the people who are affected by that system (those who are admitted and those who are administering). It may also serve as a reminder that it’s not always good for us to meet our heroes. The more we read about Rosenhan, the more we begin to wonder if he wasn't a different kind of pretender than people thought him to be.--Chris Schluep, Amazon Book Review p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 24.0px; text-indent: -24.0px; font: 11.0px Helvetica} span.s1 {font-kerning: none} 13 Books to Watch Out for in November --New York Times 10 Books to Read in November --Washington Post Most Anticipated Books of 2019 --LitHub Best New Books of November 2019 --Bustle Fall 2019's Best New Nonfiction Pick --Bookish New Books Worth Obsessing Over in November --Popsugar Books We Can't Wait to Read in November --PureWow"Bold, brave, and original, THE GREAT PRETENDER grips you as tightly as the madness it investigates. Cahalan writes with enormous intelligence and style, and propels you through this dark and fascinating journey into psychiatry and the very nature of sanity."―Susan Orlean, New York Times bestselling author of The Orchid Thief and The Library Book"People have asked me over the years: If they liked The Psychopath Test, what should they read next? I now have an answer. THE GREAT PRETENDER is such an achievement. It is a wonderful look at the anti-psychiatry movement and a great adventure--gripping, investigative--and is destined to become a popular and important book."―Jon Ronson, New York Times bestselling author of The Psychopath Test and So You've Been Publicly Shamed"A masterpiece of historical reconstruction...an intellectual detective story [and] a towering critique of our systems of mental health-care. If I could've written this book, I would have."―Ron Powers, New York Times bestselling author of No One Cares About Crazy People p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Times New Roman'} span.s1 {font-kerning: none} "The Great Pretender is a tight, propulsive, true-life detective story which somehow also doubles as a sweeping history of our broken mental health-care system. Cahalan herself has experienced this system as both a patient and a reporter, and her background informs every fascinating page of this dogged investigative odyssey. It is an amazing achievement, and there is no question it will go down as the definitive account of one of the most influential psychology experiments of all time."― p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 13.0px 'Times New Roman'} span.s1 {font-kerning: none} Luke Dittrich, New York Times bestselling author of Patient H.M. p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Times New Roman'} "Breathtaking! Cahalan's brilliant, timely, and important book reshaped my understanding of mental health, psychiatric hospitals, and the history of scientific research. A must-read for anyone who's ever been to therapy, taken a brain-altering drug, or wondered why mental patients were released in droves in the 1980s. And a thrilling, eye-opening read even for those who thought they weren't affected by the psychiatric world."― p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Times New Roman'} Ada Calhoun, author of St. Marks Is Dead and Wedding Toasts I'll Never Give"Gripping [and] vivid...A well-told story fraught with both mystery and real-life aftershocks that set the psychiatric community on its ear...Cahalan follows all the leads like a bloodhound. Her pursuit reads like a well-tempered mystery being picked apart, with tantalizing questions for which many of the answers are just out of reach." p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-align: center; font: 14.0px Helvetica} span.s1 {font-kerning: none} ―Kirkus p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Times New Roman'} "Fascinating...Cahalan sets a new standard for investigative journalism...Her impeccable inquiry into the shadowy reality of Rosenhan's study makes an urgent case that the psychological and psychiatric fields must recover the public trust that 'Rosenhan helped shatter.'"―Publishers Weekly"Cahalan researched The Great Pretender over the course of five years, but the pages practically turn themselves. It's absorbing, sometimes sobering, sometimes seriously funny. Cahalan's narration makes the reading great fun, with an urgency occasionally akin to a thriller."―Shelf Awareness p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Times New Roman'} "Susannah Cahalan has written a wonderful book that reflects years of persistent and remarkable historical detective work. The Great Pretender is an extraordinary look at the life of a Stanford professor and a famous paper he published in 1973, one that dramatically transformed American psychiatry in ways that still echo today. The book is fast-paced and artfully constructed--an incredible story that constitutes a tribute to Cahalan's powers as both a writer and a sleuth."― p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Times New Roman'} Andrew Scull, author of Madness in Civilization: A Cultural History of Insanity
For centuries, doctors have struggled to define mental illness--how do you diagnose it, how do you treat it, how do you even know what it is? In search of an answer, in the 1970s a Stanford psychologist named David Rosenhan and seven other people--sane, normal, well-adjusted members of society--went undercover into asylums around America to test the legitimacy of psychiatry's labels. Forced to remain inside until they'd "proven" themselves sane, all eight emerged with alarming diagnoses and even more troubling stories of their treatment. Rosenhan's watershed study broke open the field of psychiatry, closing down institutions and changing mental health diagnosis forever.
But, as Cahalan's explosive new research shows, very little in this saga is exactly as it seems. What really happened behind those closed asylum doors, and what does it mean for our understanding of mental illness today?
Extremely informative, but also an enjoyable and engaging read Author Susannah Cahalan uses her personal experience of an autoimmune brain inflammation which masqueraded as mental illness (previously recounted in her best-selling memoir “Brain on Fire”) to launch her powerful documentary “The Great Pretender”. Cahalan began by trying to develop an in depth study of the famous Rosenhan Study, published in Science Magazine in 1973 under the title “On Being Sane in Insane Places”. This study, widely cited in subsequent literature, purported to be a thoroughly documented and controlled experiment in which 8 “pseudopatients” voluntarily entered various mental health institutions, all presenting with the same purported symptoms, and then methodically chronicled their treatment and their efforts to be considered “sane enough” to be released. The net effect of the Rosenhan study was to challenge the entire foundation of psychiatric diagnosis and treatment, which to a very large extent resulted in the closure of most psychiatric facilities.Although Cahalan’s initial intent was simply to locate and/or interview the pseudopatients and verify their experiences, it turned out that she was only able to accomplish this in three out of the eight cases, and as her investigation continued, it became more and more possible that in fact the study as originally presented had been falsified. The author makes it emphatically clear that her major objective is not to debunk Rosenhan’s work, but rather to emphasize that there is a great deal yet to learn about body-mind interactions. Although as we all know medical technology and pharmacology have brought astounding blessings in terms of intervening in the disease process, both physically and mentally, it is inappropriate to become dogmatic about any particular diagnosis or purported cure or treatment. Unfortunately, the endeavor of the fields of Psychology and Psychiatry to establish a sound “scientific” basis for their assertions appears to be exceptionally vulnerable to manipulation where “hard” data is unobtainable.This book is not only extremely informative, extensively annotated, and sociologically significant; it is also a very enjoyable and engaging read.Ground breaking, and I never say that I read through the first half of Cahalan's book with a bit of detachment. Her presenting story about her own misdiagnosis of schizophrenia (she had suffered a type of encephalitis which mimicked all the symptoms) made for very interesting reading, and segued naturally into her research on David Rosenhan's vital study, On Being Sane in Insane Places, a nine page article published in Science, January 1973, which helped to revolutionize thinking about the abuses of psychiatric hospitals. She recapped the history of psychology briefly and vividly, but as I read along, I wasn't finding a great deal I didn't already know. I knew about Nellie Bly going undercover in the horrors of the 1800s; I knew about lobotomies and shock treatments; I knew about the failure of psychoanalysis. Cahalan, putting the article in perspective, points out its importance at the time of publication. "By the late 1980s, a little over a decade after its publication, nearly 80 percent of all intro-to-psychology textbooks included Rosenhan's study." That's an impressively well known study, but still, all this took place over fifty years ago and the field is a swiftly changing one.And then, halfway through her narrative, The Great Pretender makes a great turnaround, and we begin to wonder what the Pretender is pretending. I almost don't want to reveal the plot twist, so abrupt and vivid it is, even though the book is a carefully researched work of nonfiction. Cahalan is a trained reporter who really knows how to dig, and she knows how to tell a story too. Determined to discover the identities of Rosenhan's 'pseudopatients', the eight 'healthy people' who had themselves committed as test cases, she finally traced one by digging through the files of the deceased scientist. By this time she had a few questions about Rosenhan's account of his own stay. Certain small details in his notes didn't match up with his published article.The more she digs, the more questions she has and the fewer answers. This was the article which helped to convince the world that psychiatry was incapable of accurate diagnosis. The creation of the DSM-3 was influenced by this study. Psychiatric hospitals closed down from lack of funding all over the country. And in the end, after rigorous research, chasing one dead end after another, she is left, as is the reader, with the certainty that Rosenhan just made it all up. Why not? It did his career a world of good.Perhaps psychiatric hospitals were dismal warehouses where the chances of the sick making a recovery were slim. But she points out such a study could never take place today. No one would be admitted to a psychiatric hospital because they heard a few voices. Perhaps they'd be given a prescription. If they were violent, perhaps a jail sentence. Or they might just end up on the streets.
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